
Throughout the history of Christianity, the name of "saint" was increasingly limited to those persons who were distinguished by a heroic way of life. The cult of the saints from the early part of the Christian martyrs who faced death because of "witness" (this is the meaning of martyr = blank) and their faith. From the fifth century were also venerated as holy confessors, who despite having witnessed with their lives the Christian faith in God, did not suffer death for these reasons. In this category were included bishops, Fathers of the Church, pious people. The Church, following the growing number of saints, introduced in the ninth century the process of canonization, preceded by beatification. Canonization is the solemn declaration infallible and reserved to the pope personally, that a departed (Servant of God) is holy, that reigns in heaven with Christ and can be venerated by the Church in every place.
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The Rite of Beatification: Historical evolution
The first solemn beatification celebrated in St. Peter's is that of Francis de Sales (Pope Alexander VII, January 8, 1662).
Until the end of 1969 (the last time on the beatification of Clelia Barbieri, 27 October 1968), the ritual took place [usually in the Basilica of St. Peter, according to the requirements of Benedict XIV, sepulcher In Brief Apostolorum, December 23, 1741] in two stages: in the morning was formally published in the Brief of Beatification, by which time they discovered the image of the new blessed in the "glory of Bernini and blends in the Te Deum, followed at the Pontifical 'altar of the Chair, officiated by the Chapter of the Basilica. And this was the rite of beatification itself. In the afternoon, the Pope descended into the Basilica to venerate the new Blessed, and took part in a short feature, with the Eucharistic Blessing in honor of the new Blessed.
A radical transformation of the Rite of Beatification occurred during the pontificate of Paul VI, with the unification of the two moments of celebration with the solemn Eucharistic Liturgy: is the Pope personally at the beginning of the sacred ritual proceeds with the ritual formula, on the occasion of the beatification, and after a reading of a homily to illustrate the life and virtues of the new blessed: it follows the Eucharistic Liturgy celebrated usually by the same Supreme Pontiff.
The ceremony began with the beatification of Maximilian Kolbe (October 17, 1971), with the clarification made in the formula then, it has been perpetuated to this day, even in cases of more frequent celebrations outside St. Peter's Basilica or outside the city of Rome .
With this, the rite of beatification has always kept distinct and separate from the rite of canonization and the whole story not registered a single case in which the two acts were merged or combined in ritual celebration.
(from the website: http://www.vatican.va/ )
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With regard to statistics recent years, we can see that in twenty-seven years pontificate, John Paul II has played 198 official ceremonies, beatified 1338 people (1032 martyrs and confessors of the faith 306), and canonized 482 people (402 martyrs and confessors 80), for a total of 1820 people (about 67 new beat / Saints each year).
Benedict XVI, from 2005 to 2008, has instead done to conduct 58 ceremonies, beatified 563 people (527 martyrs and confessors 36) and canonized 14 people, for a total of 577 new saints and blessed of (equal to 144 people a year), which is twice the average of its predecessor. Please note that 547 people, 95% of the new blessed / holy, belong to religious orders, or are people of the church and only the remainder (30 people) are secular. In addition, for statistical purposes, 520 people (90%) are men and only 57 are women.
NB The data are drawn from sources available on the Vatican website www.vatican.va
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