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The beginning of this post to talk about saints . First, because in these times, especially in Italy, land of saints everywhere, it comes at the wrong of everything and there is a need (see below) of the outstanding figures in addition, it takes so little to enhance (or condemn) the people (living or dead they may be) that perhaps the subject deserves attention. The discourse on holiness is very sensitive and obviously do not mean here to treat it as if it were an essay , but simply to offer suggestions consideration and documents that might help get a better view on the subject.

The first distinction that needs to be done is that between " sanctity and holiness as a social phenomenon as a religious phenomenon . Socially, there are undoubtedly needs of holiness, as those fed by fear, irrationality, the perception of the end of an era. There are even historical periods characterized by a particular desire of saints: one of them was the Middle Ages. But another historical period with a great desire of the saints seems to the present, with its need for uniqueness, of the extraordinary, heroism and charisma "( Vittorino Andreoli, Madness and holiness, BUR, Milano 2010, p. 13).

Let's start with a summary published in the Vatican website (www.vatican.va ), which concerns the procedure for canonical causes of beatification and canonization (two levels of sanctity of the Catholic Church ).

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NOTE: The images that I propose for this post and those that follow are all subject to Duccio di Boninsegna (1255 ca.-1319).

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Note on the canonical procedure for the Causes of Beatification and Canonization

1. The canonical norms concerning the procedure to be followed in the Causes of Saints are contained in the Apostolic Constitution Divinus Perfectionis Magister promulgated by Pope John Paul II Jan. 25, 1983 (AAS LXXV, 1983, 349-355).

2. To start a Cause must spend at least 5 years after the death of the candidate. This will allow for greater balance and objectivity in the evaluation of the case and to settle the emotions of the moment. Among the people the conviction must be clear about his holiness ( Sanctitas fame) and the efficacy of his intercession with the Lord ( signorum fame).

3. Beginning the investigation is responsible the bishop of the diocese where the person died them for the beatification. The group promoter (Actor Causae ): diocese, parish, religious congregation, association, asks the bishop through the postulator the opening of the investigation. The bishop, obtained the permission of the Holy See, is a special Diocesan Tribunal. Before the Tribunal the witnesses are called to report facts concerning, considered heroic Christian virtues, namely, the theological virtues: faith, hope and charity, and the cardinal virtues: prudence, justice, temperance, fortitude, and other specific state of life. In addition, you must collect all documents relating to the candidate. From this time pertains to him the title of Servant / a of God.

4. Once the diocesan investigation, the documents and the document goes to the Congregation for the Causes of Saints . Here is packaged Copy the public, serving for further work. The postulator, resident in Rome, follows under the direction of a supervisor of the Congregation, the preparation of Positio that is the summary of the documentation that proves the heroic exercise of virtue. The Positio is submitted for examination (theological) of the nine theologians who cast their votes. If the majority of theologians is favorable, the past causes examination of the Cardinals and Bishops, members of the congregation. They hold meetings twice a month. If their opinion is favorable, the prefect of the Congregation presents the results of the whole process of the Cause to the Holy Father to grant his approval and authorizes the congregation to draft the decree. Following the public reading and promulgation of the decree.

5. For the beatification of a confessor [for "confessor" is that category of saints and blessed martyrs distinguished by: the martyrs shed their blood for the faith (in odium fidei killed), the confessors are blessed and the saints bore witness to their faith during his earthly life, but without suffering martyrdom] need a miracle attributed to the intercession of the Servant / a of God, which occurred after his death. The required miracle must be proved by an appropriate canonical investigation, following a procedure similar to that for heroic virtue. It also ends it with the corresponding decree. Promulgated two decrees (or about the virtues and heroic about the miracle) the Holy Father decides the beatification, which is the concession of public worship, limited to a particular environment. With beatification the candidate shall have the title Blessed .
for the beatification of a martyr is not the miracle is recognized martyrdom.

6. For canonization another miracle be attributed to the intercession of the Blessed and occurred after his beatification. The methods of the investigation on the alleged miracle are the same as those followed for beatification. For the canonization means concession of public worship in the Church Universal. It is involved papal infallibility. With the canonization of Blessed compete the title of saint.
Even for the Canonization of Blessed martyr, is the recognition of a miracle.